Chemistry Vocabulary - Definitions of Chemistry Terms

This is a list of important chemistry vocabulary terms and their definitions. A more comprehensive list of chemistry terms can be found in my alphabetical chemistry glossary. You can use this vocabulary list to look up terms or you can make flashcards from the definitions to help learn them. absolute zero - Absolute zero is 0K. It is the lowest possible temperature. Theoretically, at absolute zero, atoms stop moving. accuracy - Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to its true value. For example, if an object is exactly a meter long and you measure it as 1.1 meters long, that is more accurate than if you measured it at 1.5 meters long. acid - There are several ways to define an acid, but they include any chemical that gives off protons or H in water. Acids have a pH less than 7. They turn the pH indicator phenolphthalein colorless and turn litmus paper red. acid anhydride - An acid anhydride is an oxide that forms an acid when it is reacted with water. For example, when SO3- is added to water, it becomes sulfuric acid, H2SO4. actual yield - The actual yield is the amount of product you actually obtain from a chemical reaction, as in the amount you can measure or weigh as opposed to a calculated value. addition reaction - An addition reaction is a chemical reaction in which atoms add to a carbon-carbon multiple bond. alcohol - An alcohol is any organic molecule that has an -OH group. aldehyde - An aldehyde is any organic molecule that has a -COH group. alkali metal - An alkali metal is a metal in Group I of the periodic table. Examples of alkali metals include lithium, sodium, and potassium. alkaline earth metal - An alkaline earth metal is an element belonging to Group II of the periodic table. Examples of alkaline earth metals are magnesium and calcium. alkane - An alkane is an organic molecule that only contains single carbon-carbon bonds. alkene - An alkene is an organic molecule that contains at least one CC or carbon-carbon double bond. alkyne - An alkyne is an organic molecule that contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. allotrope - Allotropes are different forms of a phase of an element. For example, diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. alpha particle - An alpha particle is another name for a helium nucleus, which contains two protons and two neutrons. Its called an alpha particle in reference to radioactive (alpha) decay. amine - An amine is an organic molecule in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by an organic group. An example of an amine is methylamine. base - A base is a compound that produces OH- ions or electrons in water or that accepts protons. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH. beta particle - A beta particle is an electron, although the term is used when the electron is emitted in radioactive decay. binary compound - A binary compound is one made up of two elements. binding energy - Binding energy is the energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus. bond energy - Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break one mole of chemical bonds. bond length - Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms that share a bond. buffer - A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. An example of a buffer is acetic acid and sodium acetate. calorimetry - Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example. carboxylic acid - A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid. catalyst - A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction or speeds it up without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. cathode - A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. In other words, it is where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell. chemical equation - A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts, what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds. chemical property - A chemical property is a property that can only be observed when a chemical change occurs. Flammability is an example of a chemical property, since you cant measure how flammable a substance is without igniting it (making/breaking chemical bonds). covalent bond - A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons. critical mass - Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed to cause a nuclear chain reaction. critical point - The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. At the critical point, the liquid and vapor phases become indistinguishable from one another. crystal - A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or molecules. Most crystals are ionic solids, although other forms of crystals exist. delocalization - Delocalization is when electrons become free to move all over a molecule, such as when double bonds occur on adjacent atoms in a molecule. denature - There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol). Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat. diffusion - Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. dilution - Dilution is when a  solvent is added to a solution, making it less concentrated. dissociation - Dissociation is when a chemical reaction breaks a compound into two or more parts. For example, NaCl dissociates into Na and Cl- in water. double displacement reaction - A double displacement or double replacement reaction is when cations of two compounds switch places. effusion - Effusion is when a gas moves through an opening into a low-pressure container (e.g., is drawn by a vacuum). Effusion occurs more quickly than diffusion because additional molecules arent in the way. electrolysis - Electrolysis is using electricity to break the bonds in a compound to break it apart. electrolyte - An electrolyte is an ionic compound that dissolves in water to produce ions, which can conduct electricity. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate or break apart in water. enantiomers - Enantiomers are molecules that are non superimposable mirror images of each other. endothermic - Endothermic describes a process that absorbs heat. Endothermic reactions feel cold. endpoint - The endpoint is when a titration is stopped, typically because an indicator has changed color. The endpoint need not be the same as the equivalence point of a titration. energy level - An energy level is a possible value of energy that an electron can have in an atom. enthalpy - Enthalpy is a measure of the amount of energy in a system. entropy - Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. enzyme - An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in a biochemical reaction. equilibrium - Equilibrium occurs in reversible reactions when the forward rate of the reaction is the same as the reverse rate of the reaction. equivalence point - The equivalence point is when the solution in a titration is completely neutralized. It is not the same as the endpoint of a titration because the indicator may not change colors precisely when the solution is neutral. ester - An ester is an organic molecule with a R-CO-OR function group. excess reagent - Excess reagent is what you get when there is leftover reagent in a chemical reaction. excited state - An excited state is a higher energy state for an electron of an atom, ion, or molecule, compared with the energy of its ground state. exothermic - Exothermic describes a process that gives off heat. family - A family is a group of elements sharing similar properties. It is not necessarily the same thing as an element group. For example, the chalcogens or oxygen family consists of some different elements from the nonmetal group. Kelvin - Kelvin is a unit of temperature. A Kelvin is equal in size to a degree Celsius, although Kelvin starts from absolute zero. Add 273.15 to a Celsius temperature to get the Kelvin value. Kelvin is not reported with a  ° symbol. For example, you would simply write 300K not 300 °K. ketone - A ketone is a molecule that contains a R-CO-R functional group. An example of a common ketone is acetone (dimethyl ketone). kinetic energy - Kinetic energy is energy of motion. The more an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. lanthanide contraction - The lanthanide contraction refers to the trend in which lanthanide atoms become smaller as you move left to right across the periodic table, even though they increase in atomic number. lattice energy - Lattice energy is the amount of energy released when one mole of a crystal forms from its gaseous ions. law of conservation of energy - The law of conservation of energy states the energy of the universe may change form, but its amount remains unchanged. ligand - A ligand is a molecule or ion stuck to the central atom in a complex. Examples of common ligands include water, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. mass - Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. It is commonly reported in units of grams. mole - Avogadros number (6.02 x 1023) of anything. node - A node is a location in an orbital with no probability of containing an electron. nucleon - A nucleon is a particle in the nucleus of an atom (proton or neutron). oxidation number The oxidation number is the apparent charge on an atom. For example, the oxidation number of an oxygen atom is -2. period - A period is a row (left to right) of the periodic table. precision - Precision is how repeatable a measurement is. More precise measurements are reported with more significant figures. pressure - Pressure is force per area. product - A product is something made as a result of a chemical reaction. quantum theory - Quantum theory is the description of energy levels and the predictions about the behavior of atoms at specific energy levels. radioactivity - Radioactivity occurs when the atomic nucleus is unstable and breaks apart, releasing energy or radiation. Raoults Law - Raoults Law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent. rate determining step - The rate determining step is the slowest step in any chemical reaction. rate law - A rate law is a mathematical expression relating the speed of a chemical reaction as a function of concentration. redox reaction - A redox reaction is a chemical reaction that involves oxidation and reduction. resonance structure - Resonance structures are the set of Lewis structures that can be drawn for a molecule when it has delocalized electrons. reversible reaction - A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction which can go both ways: reactants make products and products make reactants. RMS velocity - The RMS or root mean square velocity is the square root of the average of the squares of individual velocities of gas particles, which is a way of describing the average speed of gas particles. salt - An ionic compound formed from reacting an acid and a base. solute - The solute is the substance that gets dissolved in a solvent. Usually, it refers to a solid that is dissolved in a liquid. If you are mixing two liquids, the solute is the one that is present in a smaller amount. solvent - This is the liquid that dissolves a solute in solution. Technically, you can dissolve gases into liquids or into other gases, too. When making a solution where both substances are in the same phase (e.g., liquid-liquid), the solvent is the largest component of the solution. STP - STP means standard temperature and pressure, which is 273K and 1 atmosphere. strong acid - A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates in water. An example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl, which dissociates into H and Cl- in water. strong nuclear force - The strong nuclear force is the force that holds the protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus together. sublimation - Sublimation is when a solid changes directly into a gas. At atmospheric pressure, dry ice or solid carbon dioxide goes directly into carbon dioxide vapor, never becoming liquid carbon dioxide. synthesis - Synthesis is making a larger molecule from two or more atoms or smaller molecules. system - A system includes everything you are evaluating in a situation. temperature - Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. theoretical yield - Theoretical yield is the amount of product which would result if a chemical reaction proceeded perfectly, to completion, with no loss. thermodynamics - Thermodynamics is the study of energy. titration - Titration is a procedure in which the concentration of an acid or base is determined by measuring how much base or acid is required to neutralize it. triple point - The triple point is the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a substance exist in equilibrium. unit cell - A unit cell is the simplest repeating structure of a crystal. unsaturated - There are two common meanings for unsaturated in chemistry. The first refers to a chemical solution that does not contain all of the solute that can be dissolved in it. Unsaturated also refers to an organic compound which contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. unshared electron pair - An unshared electron pair or lone pair refers to two electrons that arent participating in chemical bonding. valence electron - The valence electrons are the atoms outermost electrons. volatile - Volatile refers to a substance that has a high vapor pressure. VSEPR - VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. This is a theory used that predicts molecular shapes based on the assumption that electrons stay as far as possible from each other. Quiz Yourself Ionic Compound Names QuizElement Symbol Quiz

Analysis Of The Movie Crash Essay - 1448 Words

Daniella Volpacchio Uddin Writing Inquiry September 29, 2106 Crash Movie Essay Since the beginning of time, the world has been intolerant of people that are different or stand out. People have an issue accepting others that have contrasting views, values, opinions, beliefs, and even appearances. Whether we like it or not, there is a little bit racism in all of us, although it may not be as evident in one person as it is in another. In the 2004 film, Crash, race is portrayed as being an abnormality that negatively sets one person apart from another, which to this day is a reoccurring issue. Racial discrimination is a prominent theme in this particular screen play, that touches each character in a unique way. The movie demonstrates that although everyone is not exactly the same, we are all connected to each other in one way or another. Each character has specific traits that make them the person they are, yet somehow each of eventually become linked to one another despite their various races. One of the most impactful in stances where individuals from two different races are linked together is in scene five. Viewers could automatically be able to detect the immense racial barriers that were existent between various characters. These racial barriers were evident through the actions of Officer Ryan towards Christine and Cameron. Christine and Cameron are an ideal example of two innocent civilians who were at the wrong place at the wrong time. OfficerShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash 1662 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to know in a short amount of time.When it comes to the textual analysis of it all it all depends on how the script is written not only that but how the script is played out in the film. In the textual analysis of a film you have to really pay attention to the environment during the film. 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Quiz Questions for Chapter 9 Free Essays

Quiz Questions for Chapter 9 1. A truck was purchased for $25,000. It has a six-year life and a $4,000 salvage value. We will write a custom essay sample on Quiz Questions for Chapter 9 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using straight-line depreciation, what is the asset’s carrying value (book value) after 2 1/2 years? a. $8,750. b. $12,250. c. $14,583. d. $16,250. 2. On January 1, 2003, Superior Landscaping Company paid $17,000 to buy a stump grinder. If Superior uses the grinder to remove 2,500 stumps per year, it would have an estimated useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of $4,500. The amount of depreciation expense for the year 2003, using units-of-production depreciation and assuming that 3,500 stumps were removed, is a. 2,380. b. $1,750. c. $1,700. d. $1,250. 3. The sale for $2,000 of equipment that cost $8,000 and has accumulated depreciation of $6,700 would result in a a. gain of $2,000. b. gain of $700. c. loss of $700. d. loss of $1,300. 4. Underestimating the number of tons of a mineral that can be mined over a mineral deposit’s life will result in a. overstated net income each year. b. overstated total assets each year. c. overstated depletion expense each year. d . no effect on total assets each year. 5. A copyright is obtained for what becomes a very successful book. The publisher expects the book to generate sales for 10 years. The copyright should be amortized over a. 2 to 4 years. b. 10 years. c. 40 years. d. the author’s life plus 50 years. The following information pertains to the next two questions. Z Company purchased an asset for $24,000 on January 1, 2004. The asset was expected to have a four-year life and a $4,000 salvage value. 6. The amount of depreciation expense for 2006 using double-declining-balance would be a. $2,000. b. $3,000. c. $6,000. d. $12,000. 7. Assume that Z Company uses straight-line depreciation. If on January 1, 2007, Z Company sells the asset for $10,000, the statement of cash flows would report a a. $1,000 cash inflow from gain on the sale of the asset in the operating activities section. b. $10,000 cash inflow from an asset disposal in the investing activities section. c. $9,000 cash inflow from an asset disposal in the financing activities section. d. a and c. 8. On January 1, 2006, Fulsom Corporation purchased a machine for $50,000. Fulsom paid shipping expenses of $500 as well as installation costs of $1,200. Fulsom estimated the machine would have a useful life of ten years and an estimated salvage value of $3,000. If Fulsom records depreciation using the straight-line method, depreciation expense for 2007 is. a. $4,870. b. $5,170. c. $5,270. d. $5,570. 9. Hickory Ridge Company purchased land and a building for $920,000. The individual assets were appraised at the following market values: Land $614,400 Building $345,600 Recording the land in the accounting records would a. increase land by $588,800. b. increase land by $614,400. c. increase assets by $920,000. d. Both a and c. 10 Penny Lane and Associates purchased a generator on January 1, 2006, for $6,300. The generator was estimated to have a five-year life and a salvage value of $600. At the beginning of 2008, the company revised the expected life of the asset to six years and revised the salvage value to $300. Using straight-line depreciation, the depreciation expense recorded in 2008 would a. decrease assets and equity by $1,140. b. decrease assets and equity by $930. c. decrease assets and equity by $1,005. d. decrease assets and equity by $1,500. 11 Which of the following statements about goodwill is true? a. The amount of goodwill is measured by subtracting the amount paid for assets from their fair market value on the purchase date. b. The amount of goodwill is recorded as an asset. . Recording impairment of goodwill reduces the amount of net income. d. All of the above. 12 XYZ Company paid cash for a capital expenditure that improved the operating efficiency of one of its assets. Which of the following reflects how this expenditure affects the company’s financial statements? a. b. c. d. 13 Assets = +- +- – n/a Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity n/ a n/a – n/a Rev. – n/a n/a n/a n/a Exp. n/a n/a + n/a = Net Inc. n/a n/a – n/a Cash Flow – IA n/a – OA n/a KLM Company experienced an accounting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below: Assets = – Liab. n/a Equity – Rev. – n/a Exp. + = Net Inc. – Which of the following events could have caused these effects? a. recognizing depreciation. b. paying cash for a capital expenditure. c. amortizing a patent. d. none of the above. Cash Flow – OA 14. Which of the following correctly matches the type of long-term asset with the term used to identify how that asset’s cost is expensed? Building Oil Reserve Copyright a. Amortization Depreciation Depletion b. Depletion Amortization Depletion c. Amortization Depletion Depreciation d. Depreciation Depletion Amortization 15. Which of the following is true? . The book value of an asset is its estimated market value. b. The primary purpose of recording depreciation expense on the income statement is to reduce income tax expense. c. Recording depreciation expense decreases the book value of the asset in the year it was used to produce revenue. d. The accumulated deprecation for an asset provides the cash needed to replace the asset at the end of its useful life. Quiz Questions for Chapter 10 The following information pertains to the next seven questions. On January 1, 2003, XYZ Corporation issued a $5,000 face value bond that sold for 90. The bond had a five-year term and paid 10 percent annual interest. The company used the proceeds from the bond issue to buy land. The land was leased for $600 of cash revenue per year and was sold at the end of the 5th year for $4,200 cash. 1. The carrying value of the bond liability on January 1, 2003, would be a. $4,600. b. $4,500. c. $5,000. d. $4,000. 2. The amount of interest expense reported on the 2003 income statement would be a. $450. b. $400. c. $500. d. $600. 3. Interest expense reported on the income statement over the life of the bond would a. ncrease by $100 each year. b. decrease by $100 each year. c. be the same each year. d. equal the stated rate of interest. 4. The carrying value of the bond liability on December 31, 2007 would be a. $4,500. b. $5,000. c. $4,900. d. $4,600. 5. The sale of the land on December 31, 2007, would a. increase retained earnings by $300. b. increase equity by $4,200. c. reduce net income by $300. d. have no effect on retained earnings. 6. T he total amount of liability associated with the bond issue would a. increase each year as a result of the amortization of the discount. b. ecrease each year as a result of the amortization of the discount. c. remain the same each year. d. always be equal to the face value of the bond payable. 7. The amount of the cash outflow for interest expense in 2005 would be a. $600. b. $400. c. $500. d. $ 0. Use the following information to answer the next three questions. On January 1, 2003 , Keynes Company issued a $20,000 face value bond that sold for 110. The bond had a ten-year term and a stated annual interest rate of 8 percent . 8. The carrying value of the bond liability on January 1, 2003, would be a. $20,000. . $22,000. c. $21,800. d. $20,200. 9. The amount of interest expense reported on the company’s 2003 income statement would be a. $1,200. b. $1,400. c. $1,600. d. $1,050. 10. The amount of interest expense reported on the company’s 2004 income statement would be a. $1,400. b. $1,600. c. $1,800. d. $2,000. 11. If a bond sells at a discount, which of the following is true? a. The market interest rate at the time of issue is greater than the stated interest rate on the bond. b. The market interest rate at the time of issue is less than the stated interest rate on the bond. c. The market interest rate at the time of issue is the same as the stated interest rate on the bond issue. d. The market interest rate is expected to increase above the stated interest rate on the bond. 12. On January 1, 2003, Ink, Inc. borrowed $100,000 cash from the Fidelity Bank on a note that had a 6 percent annual interest rate and a five-year term. The loan is to be repaid in annual payments of $23,741. 69 on January 1 each year. The amount of the January 1, 2004, payment applied to interest and to principal would be a. $6,000 / $94,000. b. $17,741. 69 / $94,000. c. $4,935. 0 / $82,258. 31. d. $6,000 / $17,741. 69. 13. Indigo Company can borrow up to $50,000 on its line of credit at the state bank. The company agrees to pay interest monthly at 2 percent above prime. Funds are borrowed or repaid on the first day of each month. Month Jan. Feb. March Amounts Borrowed or (Repaid) $15,000 $ (5,000) $30,000 Prime Rate 6 percent 5 percent 4 percent The amount of interest to be accrued o n the March 31 is a. $225. 00. b. $100. 00. c. $133. 33. d. $200. 00. 14. XYZ Company experienced an accounting event that affected its financial statements as indicated below: Assets = Liab. + + Equity n/a Rev. – n/a Exp. n/a = Net Inc. n/a Cash Flow + FA Which of the following events could have caused these effects? a. A bond issued at face value. b. A bond issued at a discount. c. A bond issued at a premium. d. All of the above. 15. A bond will sell at a premium if: a. The market rate of interest is equal to the bond’s stated rate. b. The market rate of interest is greater than the bond’s stated rate. c. The market rate of interest is less than the bond’s stated rate. d. The bond is convertible into common stock. Quiz Questions for Chapter 11 1. The ZZ Corporation had the following shares of stock outstanding at December 31, 2003: Common Stock, $50 par value, 40,000 shares outstanding; and Preferred Stock, 6 percent, $100 par value, cumulative, 10,000 shares outstanding. Dividends for 2001 and 2002 were in arrears. On December 31, 2003, ZZ declared total cash dividends of $250,000. The total amounts payable to preferred stockholders and common stockholders, respectively, are: a. $60,000 / $190,000. b. $120,000 / $130,000. c. $125,000 / $125,000. d. $180,000 / $70,000. Use the following information to answer the next four questions. The Kramer Company was started when it issued 200 shares of $5 par value common stock at a market price of $20 per share. The company repurchased 10 shares at a market price of $15 per share. Later the company reissued 5 shares at a market price of $20 per share. At the end of the first year of operations the company’s equity included $1,200 of retained earnings in addition to its contributed capital. 2. The entry to record the original issue of 200 shares of stock would a. increase cash by $4,000 / increase common stock by $4,000. b. ncrease cash by $4,000 / increase common stock and paid-in capital in excess of par value by $1,000 and $3,000, respectively. c. decrease cash by $4,000 / increase common stock common stock by $4,000. d. increase cash by $1,000 / increase common stock by $1,000. 3. The entry to record the purchase of the 10 shares of the company’s own stock would a. decrease assets / decrease equity. b. decrease assets / increase equity. c. decrease assets / increase treasury stock. d. both a and c. 4. What effect would reissuing the 5 shares have on the company’s paid-in capital from treasury stock transactions account? . No effect. b. Increase additional paid-in capital by $100. c. Increase additional paid-in capital by $25. d. Decrease additional paid-in capital by $75. 5. The total amount of stockholders’ equity at the end of the first year would be a. $5,150. b. $5,200. c. $1,200. d. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is an advantage of the corporate form of business organization? a. double taxation. b. amount of regulation. c. limited liability. d. entrenched management. 7. Jan Irving started a proprietorship on January 1, 2007 with a $1,000 cash contribution to the business. During the first year of operations the company generated $5,000 of cash revenue and incurred $2,000 of cash expenses. Also, Jan withdrew $500 from the business. At the end of 2007 the balance in the Jan Irving, Capital account was a. $1,000. b. $3,000. c. $3,500. d. $4,000. 8. ABC Company is authorized to issue 100,000 shares of common stock. The company issued 60,000 shares of common stock and later repurchased 15,000 shares of its own common stock. How many shares are outstanding? a. 60,000. b. 45,000. c. 100,000. d. 40,000. 9. An 8 percent stock dividend on 12,000 shares of outstanding preferred stock with a par value of $20 per share and a market value of $60 a share will have what effect on the accounting equation? a. Increase preferred stock by $57,600. b. Increase cash by $38,400. c. Decrease retained earnings by $19,200. d. Decrease retained earnings by $57,600. 10. Which of the following statements concerning a two-for-one stock split is true? a. The number of shares outstanding will decrease. b. The market price of the stock would be expected to increase. c. The company’s equity will increase. d. No journal entry would be necessary. 1. EFG Company paid cash to purchase treasury stock. Which of the following reflects how this event affects the company’s financial statements? a. b. c. d. 12. Assets – +- – +- = Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity – n/a – n/a Rev. – n/a n/a n/a n/a Exp. n/a n/a + + = Net Inc. n/a n/a – – Cash Flow – FA â⠂¬â€œ OA – FA – OA ZGAR Company distributed a stock dividend. Which of the following reflects how this event affects the company’s financial statements? a. b. c. d. Assets – n/a – n/a = Liab. n/a n/a n/a n/a + Equity – +- – +- Rev. – n/a n/a n/a n/a Exp. n/a n/a + n/a = Net Inc. n/a n/a – n/a Cash Flow n/a n/a – FA – FA Quiz for Chapter 12 1. Which of the following cash transactions is classified as an investing activity on the statement of cash flows? a. Cash borrowed. b. Cash received from issuing stock. c. Cash received from revenue. d. Cash collected on a loan. 2. A building costing $55,000 with $16,500 of accumulated depreciation was sold for $40,000. How would the cash flow from the sale appear on the statement of cash flows? a. $1,500 in operating activities and $38,500 in investing activities. b. $40,000 in financing activities. c. $38,500 noncash financing and investing activities and $1,500 in operating activities. . $40,000 in investing activities. 3. The owners of X Company invested $2,000 in the company. X Company used the cash to invest in Y Company. On X’s statement of cash flows these transactions would be classified, respectively, as a. an investing activity and an investing activity. b. a financing activity and a financing activity. c. an investing activity and a financing a ctivity. d. a financing activity and an investing activity. 4. Issuing a note for the purchase of land is an example of a. an investing activity. b. a financing activity. c. a noncash investing and financing activity. d. transaction that would not appear on the statement of cash flows. 5. The sum of the three major components (operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities) on a statement of cash flows will add up to a. the ending cash balance. b. the change in the cash account balance between the beginning and ending of the period. c. the amount of cash inflow for the period. d. net income for the period. Answers: Chapter 9: D, B, B, C, B, A, B, A, D, B, D, A, D, D, C Chapter 10: B, D, C, B, C, A, C, B, B, A, A, D, D, D, C Chapter 11: D, B, D, C, A, C, C, B, D, D, A, B Chapter 12: D, D, D, C, B How to cite Quiz Questions for Chapter 9, Essay examples

Literature Review on Relationship Between Gender and Luxury Brand

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Review on Relationship Between Gender and Luxury Brand. Answer: Introduction A literature review is prepared with the use of secondary sources such as books, journals, and research articles. The section of literature review emphasizes on identifying the relationship between gender and luxury brand. Review of Sources Luxury fashion labels have been continuously breaking the traditions, bending the rules of gendered dressing through innovative designs and marketing tactics(Amatulli et al. 2017). Apparently, women tend to have the positive attitude towards branded and luxury products as compared to men. In most of the markets and product categories, the price for female products is significantly higher as compared to their male counterparts. However, on the other hand, there is a direct relationship between age of women and awareness of luxury products. Most of the people use luxury products so as to show the status symbol(Sun, D'Alessandro Johnson 2016). Therefore, branded and luxury products are typically brought at the marketplace for only those people who have the ability to afford it. Moving on the interest of male in branded products, luxury items are considered as perceptual(Young Combs 2016). Hence, men consider it as a disposable income that is clubbed with psychographic and demographic influences and at the same time, it also drives discretionary spending. Luxury industries are overtaking the market place, and this also leads to significant transformation. For instance- in last few years Indian luxury industry has witnessed much more success because of the richness of the families(Chakraborty Sheppard 2016). It is also identified that India is transforming into a larger market especially for luxury goods. Furthermore, according to historical perspective, the market has witnessed the vigorous growth of around 20% in the year 2009 which reached up to USD 5.75 billion in the year 2010(Gil et al. 2017). Afterwards, in the year 2012, luxury products have grown more to 29% which reached to USD 2 billion. Thus, it is evident that luxury industries are growing because of the increasing trend of using luxury products among people. In Indian market as well, women tend to have such purchase behavior in which chief consideration is given towards luxury and branded products(Taylor, Costello Ko 2016). The scenario of luxury market has been changing since luxury products display functional utility. This is the reason which drives people to purchase branded items on greater extent. There is a direct relationship between age and luxury products which attracts customers towards diverse products and services(Sjostrom, Corsi Lockshin 2016). Currently, youngsters are the targeted customers for luxury products and services. Youngsters are highly conscious about their status and appearance; henceforth they prefer to use luxury products. Luxury products not only include apparels, but also it comprises all fashionable accessories. Male and female both use a variety of products and according to the necessities; fashionable outlets bring innovation and creativity to the products(Young Combs 2016). In luxury market, women tend to have a preference of using branded handbags not because of quality perspective, but also due to quality aspect. Luxury products are highly in demand, and people have diverse motives of consuming the same types of items. However, on the other hand, men seem to use luxury products more in apparels and footwear because of the lifecycle of the products(El Hazzouri, Main Shabgard 2016). People have a common perception that branded products have a longer lifespan; hence this has become one of the major reasons for using luxury items. This factor greatly influences the demand for luxury and branded products in both male and female segments. Research done by Srinivasan and et al. (2015), defines the role of women perception towards luxury and branded products. The most common example can be quoted here is a use of branded handbags. Women between the age of 25-45 are highly concerned about their status symbol especially because of social life(Srinivasan Srivastava 2015). Apparently, luxury brand companies are targeting women by comprehending the factors that drive customers to buy branded products and items. However, here it can be said that men and women both have different opinion and perception about branded products. Purchase behavior of women keeps on changing on the frequent basis which drives branded companies to facilitate innovation and creativity in products and services(Lado et al. 2016). Branded companies focus more on meeting the needs and demands of customers; therefore this requires greater emphasis on quality and creative products. Brands do not compromise with quality, and this is the core reason which helps branded companies to persuade a large number of customers(Armitage Sekhon 2017). Quality is the main factor that changes the perception of people and which also facilitates word of mouth publicity among people. Use of luxury products is more common in youngsters because they keep themselves aware of latest trend coming in the market place. As compared to women, men are becoming much conscious about their appearance which drives them to purchase luxury items. Moreover, comparatively men shop less than to women; hence due to one-time shopping, they prefer to get only quality items. Peer pressure is yet another factor that significantly changes the need of people, and it also enhances demand for luxury items. This happens chiefly in women; hence they tend to depict their preference in branded products only. For instance- social life of women drives them to showcase more about their accessories and apparels(Gil et al. 2017). Contrary to this, most often women who are unable to purchase branded products, also save money to purchase branded items. Supporting the fact, it can also be said that men also prefer to use branded products when they are much concerned about physical appearance. Alongside, due to peer pressure, their opinion about branded products changes and as a result, it leads to purchasing of the final product(Sun, D'Alessandro Johnson 2016). Nonetheless, physical attractiveness enhances demand for luxury brands; hence luxury consumers can be differentiated by their attitudes towards luxury items. However, here it can be stated that luxury consumption is different with that to luxury affection and most often people purchase luxury products because of affection towards that product(Chakraborty Sheppard 2016). Aside from clothing context, it is also analyzed that women also possess a positive attitude towards luxury brands as compared to men considering the product categories of perfumes and wrist watches. However, yet now results are inconsistent especially while comparing attitude towards luxury and non-luxury products. Henceforth, it can be argued that as per the category of products, the perception of men and women changes towards luxury items(Yang et al. 2016). However, it can also be contended that international brands have been trying to acquire the attention of local customers; hence multiple brands are coming in the domestic market. To support the above discussion, it can be articulated that luxury is the unusual intellectual or emotional pleasure that is derived from some specific product(Lado et al. 2016). People usually enjoy the most expensive items because of their comfort and satisfaction level, and this makes them habitual as well to use the same sort of product on a consistent basis(El Hazzouri, Main Shabgard 2016). Brand gives an identity to the consumers; hence they get more attention from others. This is one of the prime reasons that lead men and women to go for luxury items. Luxury products are the ones who have the higher ratio of price quality. In addition to the same, luxury goods are more in demand because consumer feels more valued. Innovation is more common in luxury products which aid retailers to grab the attention of a maximum number of customers(Shin, Eastman Mothersbaugh 2017). Buying habits of consumers changes frequently and according to brand awareness, people prefer more to purchase luxury goods. However, income is one of the common forces that drive and encourages people to enhance the spending on luxury items. Majority of people find a positive relationship between branded products and customer satisfaction; therefore this proposition helps marketers to emphasize on luxury items. By gender difference, retailers come up with different variants in luxury product categories(Taylor, Costello Ko 2016). In addition to the same, it is also analyzed that rapid transformation in fashionable items changes the perception of customers and this continuously increases the worth of luxury products. Moreover, luxury retail has been a fascinating journey from a socio-economic perspective, and it drives the interest of global customers as well. Profoundly, branded products are more in demand because retailers advertise the items on greater extent which generates more demand(Sandhu Paim 2016). Nowadays, as compared to local products, customers prefer to purchase luxury items because that enhances the degree of satisfaction. Contrary to this, it can be contended that luxury is more about the experience rather than financial value. The need for personal gratification and aspirations has encouraged people to make life better and easy. Therefore, for the purpose of improving living standard, people are emphasizing more on use of exclusive products(Amatulli et al. 2017). Apparently, consumers use branded products because they want to be recognized. If a brand can fulfill such need, customers find the change successful. Specifying about men, it is ascertained that variety in branded items drives them more towards luxury goods and at the same time it also amends their social status. Consumer buying behaviors are based on satisfying needs, and this also brings substantial benefits to the end users(Shin, Eastman Mothersbaugh 2017). People have more disposable income as compared to an earlier generation; hence they give huge preference to their needs and aspirations through experience. However, along with young and older people, kids are also attracted towards branded products because of a complete change in the lifestyle. As per the current scenario, the purchasing power of women is increased which is a good sign for the luxury market(Bae Koo 2017). On the other hand, it is also ascertained that those who need to have consideration towards status but cannot afford true luxury products use loud counterfeits to satisfy the need for luxury products. Wealthy customer use luxury products are categorizing by occupation, personality, and cultural values. People have a perception that use of luxury products gives a symbol that customers are more likely to focus on valuable experience(Taylor, Costello Ko 2016). Apart from this, women also invest more on expensive food which greatly depicts their habits. Here, it can be argued that previous literature shows all such reasons for which customer prefer to use luxury products; however, no such studies have been yet prepared which demonstrates demographic variables(Lado et al. 2016). From several studies, it has been observed that branded products motivate the customers more towards huge spending on apparels, footwear, and other luxury items. Occupation also has a direct relationship with the use of luxury brands as that only determine reasons for which people spend in luxury items(Roux, Tafani Vigneron 2017). According to several researchers, gender is one of the most populous forms of segmentation that is being used by marketers especially at the time of bringing any new product to the market place. In the realm of consumer behavior, it is very much difficult to analyze if men are more conscious about luxury life. Men and women both are impulsive in living luxury life; therefore considering this aspect, marketers are investing more in luxury items(Amatulli et al. 2017). There are ample of reasons for which people like luxury life and all such reasons not only change their mindset; but also help them to promote the products to other customers. Other study here supports that categories of products define who is more (men or women) consistent in managing luxury life(Bae Koo 2017). Therefore an example can be quoted here. As compared to women, men feel the need of luxury cars and accessories, and this drives them to purchase such products respectively. To contradict the above discussion, it can be said that that there is no such significant difference between men and women in respect of affection for luxury products. Hence, considering this aspect marketers do not focus on any specific gender as they know that both are more inclined towards status consumption(Lado et al. 2016). Therefore, on the basis of entire discussion, it is evident that there exists direct relationship between luxury product categories and gender. References Amatulli, C, Costabile, M, De Angelis, M Guido, G 2017, Introduction: Sustainability in Luxury Branding. In Sustainable Luxury Brands , Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. Armitage, RJ Sekhon, Y 2017, Luxury Products and Services and the Sustainable Value Chain: Six Management Lessons from Gucci. In Sustainable Management of Luxury , Springer Singapore, Singapore. Bae, J Koo, DM 2017, 'THE EFFECT OF GENDER DIFFERENCE ON LUXURY CONSUMPTION', In 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference at Vienna, pp. 289-289. Chakraborty, S Sheppard, L 2016, 'An Explanatory study on Indian Young Consumers Luxury Consumption: The Underlying Relationship of Interpersonal Influence, Brand Image, Brand Consciousness and Demographic Components with Luxury Brand Purchase Decision', International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, vol 6, no. 2, pp. 622-634. El Hazzouri, M, Main, K Shabgard, D 2016, 'Reminders of the Sun Influence MenS Attitude Towards Luxury Products', ACR North American Advances. Gil, LA, Gil, LA, Dwivedi, A, Dwivedi, A, Johnson, L Johnson, L 2017, 'Effect of popularity and peer pressure on attitudes toward luxury among teens', Young Consumers, vol 18, no. 1, pp. 84-93. Lado, N, Cesaroni, F, Ho, H Cesareo, L 2016, The Role of Gender in Co-branding Strategies of Hi-Tech Brands and Luxury. In Lets Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketings Engagement Era, Springer, Cham. Roux, E, Tafani, E Vigneron, F 2017, 'Values associated with luxury brand consumption and the role of gender', Journal of Business Research, vol 71, pp. 102-113. Sandhu, SK Paim, LB 2016, 'Consuming for status among Malaysian working women', Journal of Emerging Economies Islamic Research, vol 4, no. 3. Shin, H, Eastman, JK Mothersbaugh, D 2017, 'The effect of a limited-edition offer following brand dilution on consumer attitudes toward a luxury brand', Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol 38, pp. 59-70. Sjostrom, T, Corsi, AM Lockshin, L 2016, 'What characterises luxury products? A study across three product categories', International Journal of Wine Business Research, vol 28, no. 1, pp. 76-95. Srinivasan, R Srivastava, RK 2015, 'Womens purchase behavior towards luxury products', Journal of research in humanities and social science, vol 3, no. 8, pp. 22-631. Sun, G, D'Alessandro, S Johnson, L 2016, 'Exploring luxury value perceptions in China Direct and indirect effects', International Journal of Market Research, vol 58, no. 5, pp. 711-731. Taylor, CR, Costello, J Ko, E 2016, WHAT IS A LUXURY BRAND? A NEW DEFINITION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE, In 2016 Global Marketing Conference at Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Yang, W, Yang, W, Mattila, AS Mattila, AS 2016, 'Why do we buy luxury experiences? Measuring value perceptions of luxury hospitality services.', International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol 28, no. 9, pp. 1848-1867. Young, C Combs, H 2016, 'A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DEMOGRAPHIC, PERSONAL VALUE PERCEPTION, SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND FUNCTIONAL VALUE PERCEPTION FACTORS WITH REPURCHASE INTENTIONS TOWARDS LUXURY BRANDS IN THAILAND', ASBBS Proceedings, vol 23, no. 1, p. 576.